Skincare
Skin hydration and user evaluation when fine bubbles are applied to bathing and showering.
Key results
30 minutes
Time stratum corneum hydration stayed elevated
Ultrafine bubble shower, 16 healthy women. With tap water, levels returned to baseline after 30 minutes (Hayasaka et al., 2023)
15 minutes
Time skin was rated as moist
Microbubble bath, 15 healthy women. 5 minutes with tap water (Hayasaka et al., 2022)
3 hours
Time body odor compound was not detected again
Microbubble bath, 8 healthy men. Detected again after a regular bath and shower (Nishimura et al., 2013)
Our own skincare data will be published after water characteristics and conditions of use are confirmed. Published research is presented first.
- Own cases
- Data under review
- Research cases
- 4
Results reported in published research
These are results from published research, not performance measured with Honour Tech products. We selected representative studies from peer-reviewed papers and public research reports and do not include corporate promotional material. Studies in which the effect was unclear are included as well. Last reviewed: October 2026.
Positive studies 3
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Significantly higher
Stratum corneum hydration (15 and 30 minutes)
Ultrafine bubble shower vs. tap water shower
Stratum corneum hydration remained significantly higher after an ultrafine bubble shower
Ultrafine bubble shower vs. tap water shower
Paper details and results
ウルトラファインバブルを含むシャワーの角層水分量・保湿への影響
Effect of ultrafine bubble showering on stratum corneum hydration and moisturization
- Citation
- Hayasaka et al. · 2023 · 日本健康開発雑誌 44, 55–60
- Summary
- Tap water and ultrafine bubble water at 40 ℃ were each sprayed for 20 seconds on the forearms of 16 healthy adult women, and stratum corneum hydration was measured for up to 30 minutes. Conditions were randomized within each participant.
- Key findings
- With tap water, hydration rose immediately and returned to baseline after 30 minutes, while with ultrafine bubble water it stayed higher at every time point. Two of the three authors are affiliated with the manufacturer of the water heater used in the test. Measurements were short-term, up to 30 minutes.
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Significantly higher
Stratum corneum hydration
Immersion in microbubble water, vs. tap water
Stratum corneum hydration increased significantly with microbubble bathing
Immersion in microbubble water, vs. tap water
Paper details and results
マイクロバブルバス入浴の角層水分量・保湿への影響
Effects of microbubble bathing on stratum corneum hydration and moisturization
- Citation
- Hayasaka et al. · 2022 · 日本健康開発雑誌 43, 39–43
- Summary
- The forearms of 15 healthy adult women were immersed for 3 minutes each in 40 °C tap water and in water containing microbubbles (1–100 μm), and stratum corneum hydration and subjective moistness were compared for up to 30 minutes.
- Key findings
- Hydration rose in both conditions and was higher with microbubbles at every time point. The skin was rated as moist for 5 minutes with tap water and for 15 minutes with microbubbles. One author is affiliated with an equipment manufacturer, and this is a microbubble study, not a nanobubble study.
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Largest reduction
Body odor compound (2-nonenal)
Microbubble bath, vs. regular bath and shower. 8 subjects
Largest reduction in body odor compound with microbubble bathing
Microbubble bath, vs. regular bath and shower. 8 subjects
Paper details and results
異なる入浴様式による加齢臭の除去・抑制効果
Removal and suppression of body odor compounds by different bathing methods
- Citation
- Nishimura et al. · 2013 · 日本生気象学会雑誌 50(2), 107–115
- Summary
- 8 healthy men aged 40–44 took a 10-minute microbubble bath, a 10-minute regular bath and a 5-minute shower (all at 38 °C) on different days, and concentrations of the body odor compound were compared.
- Key findings
- Concentrations fell after 30 minutes with all three methods, and the reduction was largest with the microbubble bath. After 3 hours, the compound was detected again after the regular bath and the shower. This is a small study comparing changes in skin surface compound concentrations by bathing method in 8 adults.
Neutral studies 1
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No difference
Body temperature rise (ultrafine bubbles)
Similar to ordinary water. The rise was greater with microbubbles.
Body temperature rise in ultrafine bubble bathing no different from ordinary water
Similar to ordinary water. The rise was greater with microbubbles.
Paper details and results
ウルトラファインバブル浴の温熱生理学的効果
Thermophysiological effects of ultrafine bubble bathing
- Citation
- Nishimura et al. · 2020 · 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌 83(3), 131–139
- Summary
- 7 healthy women bathed for 10 minutes each in 40 °C ultrafine bubble water, microbubble water and ordinary water, and body temperature and sweat volume were compared.
- Key findings
- Body temperature rise and sweat volume were greatest with the microbubble bath, and sweat volume was lowest with the ultrafine bubble bath. There were 7 subjects, and two authors are affiliated with a gas company.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who were the study subjects?
These are user evaluations of bathing and showering in healthy adults.
The studies are small, with 7–16 subjects, and measurements are short-term, from 30 minutes to 3 hours. They do not indicate treatment or improvement of skin conditions, and results vary with water quality, water temperature, duration of use and individual skin condition.
What kind of bubbles were used?
The studies include both microbubbles and ultrafine bubbles (nanobubbles).
Studies of both bubble types reported higher stratum corneum hydration than with tap water. Body temperature rise was large with microbubble bathing, while ultrafine bubble bathing was similar to ordinary water, so the two bubble types did not give the same results.
When will Honour Tech's data be available?
We will publish it after water characteristics and conditions of use are confirmed.
We will publish our own data on this page once it is compiled. Tell us the application and required flow rate, and we will propose a suitable configuration.
How were the studies selected?
We selected representative studies from peer-reviewed published papers.
We include 3 positive studies and 1 study with limited effect. These are not performance measurements of Honour Tech products, and where authors are affiliated with an equipment manufacturer or gas company, this is noted for each study.
Tell us the application, required flow rate, gas and hygiene standards, and we will propose a suitable configuration.
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