HONOURTECH Contact Us
A calm pond lined with trees along the shore
Water & Environment · Case Studies

Water body management

Changes in dissolved oxygen when oxygen nanobubbles are supplied to oxygen-deficient ponds and lakes.

Key results

14.32 mg/L

Dissolved oxygen (1.80 mg/L before supply)

Loha Khera pond, Haryana, India (2022)

Field demonstration Measurement

11.80 mg/L

Dissolved oxygen (1.50 mg/L before supply)

Kanheri pond, Haryana, India (2022)

Field demonstration Measurement

8.30 mg/L

Dissolved oxygen (0.23 mg/L before supply)

Dangra pond, Haryana, India (2022)

Field demonstration Measurement

Pond field demonstrations, together with published research.

  • Ponds
  • Lakes
  • Reservoirs
Field demonstration
2 (4 ponds)
Research cases
4
View application page Contact Us

Results confirmed in ponds

Results confirmed while installing and operating equipment in oxygen-deficient ponds.

Dissolved oxygen in 3 village ponds rose to peaks of 8–14 mg/L

Field demonstration

One mobile oxygen nanobubble unit was installed at each of 3 village ponds in India that received household greywater and had almost no oxygen, and dissolved oxygen was measured twice a day.

1.80 → 14.32

Loha Khera (mg/L) Measurement

Peak on day 7

1.50 → 11.80

Kanheri (mg/L) Measurement

Peak on day 6

0.23 → 8.30

Dangra (mg/L) Measurement

Peak on day 9

Basis of comparison: dissolved oxygen before supply · These are peak values during operation, not values that were sustained. Measured by the local partner.

Test conditions, records and progress by pond, photos

Test conditions

Target
Three village ponds receiving household graywater (volume 6,306–29,343 m³)
Location
Three villages in Haryana, India (Kanheri, Loha Khera, Dangra)
Period
June 21 – August 5, 2022, with 9–15 days of records per pond
Application
Pond water was drawn off, oxygenated and returned. No civil works or chemicals
Unit
One unit per pond. Flow 12 m³/h, operating pressure 4.0 bar, oxygen generator (90% purity)
Operation
Usually 11–18 hours a day (5 hours on one day)
Basis of comparison
Dissolved oxygen before supply
Measurement
Portable dissolved oxygen meter, twice a day (morning and evening)
Conducted by
State government pilot project for village pond restoration. Operated and measured by the local partner
Test equipment
12 m³/h mobile unit in use at the time

Dissolved oxygen in 3 ponds

Swipe left or right to see the full table.

Changes in dissolved oxygen in 3 ponds
Ponds Peak value
(mg/L)		 Before treatment
(mg/L)		 After treatment
(mg/L)		 Day measured Surface area
(m²)		 Average depth
(m)
Loha Khera 14.32 1.80 14.32 Day 7 14,313 1.6
Kanheri 11.80 1.50 11.80 Day 6 36,679 0.8
Dangra 8.30 0.23 8.30 Day 9 10,510 0.6

The peak value is the highest value recorded during operation. It does not mean that value was sustained. These are dissolved oxygen concentrations measured by the local partner with a portable meter; measurements of other water quality parameters are not included.

Progress by pond

Loha Khera

Rose to 14.32 mg/L on day 7 and stayed above 11 mg/L until the end of records on day 9 (11.70 mg/L). The deepest of the three ponds.

Kanheri

Rose to 11.80 mg/L on day 6. A large inflow of household greywater on days 7–8 brought it down to 2.05 mg/L; it recovered to 7.85 mg/L a day later and stayed above 6 mg/L until day 15 (8.54 mg/L).

Dangra

Rose to 8.30 mg/L on day 9. Operation on day 4 was limited to 5 hours, and the level fell to 3.40 mg/L on the morning of day 6 before rising again.

Photos

Pond restoration test results through higher dissolved oxygen, Haryana, India
Pond restoration test results
Pond restoration test site for higher dissolved oxygen, Haryana, India
Pond restoration test site

Changes in the water environment observed at a pond in Korea

Field demonstration

Oxygen nanobubbles were supplied to a pond in Goesan, North Chungcheong Province, and the water environment was observed before and after application.

Change in water environment Observation

Changes in the water environment were observed 2 months after application.

Basis of comparison: before and after application · No numerical data.

Test conditions and photos

Test conditions

Target
Pond in Korea
Location
Goesan, North Chungcheong Province
Period
2019
Application
Oxygen nanobubble supply
Basis of comparison
Before and after application

Photos

Pond in Goesan, North Chungcheong Province, before oxygen nanobubble application
Before (2017)
The same pond in Goesan after oxygen nanobubble application (2019)
After (NB-treated water, 2019)

Results reported in published research

These are results from published research, not performance measured with Honour Tech products. We selected representative studies from peer-reviewed papers and public research reports and do not include corporate promotional material. Studies in which the effect was unclear are included as well. Last reviewed: October 2026.

Positive studies 3

  • 1 → 5 mg/L

    Bottom water dissolved oxygen

    Lake sediment experiment. Phosphorus release was up to 3× lower.

    Dissolved oxygen rose from about 1 to 5 mg/L in a lake sediment experiment

    Lake sediment experiment. Phosphorus release was up to 3× lower.

    Paper details and results

    Experimental application of micro/nano bubbles to control P release and separate P particles from benthic lake sediment

    Experimental application of micro-nanobubbles to reduce phosphorus release from lake sediments and separate phosphorus particles

    Citation
    Choi et al. · 2025 · Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 268, 104466
    Summary
    Lake bottom sediment was placed in laboratory tanks and injected with air micro-nanobubbles, examining phosphorus release from the sediment and flotation separation of phosphorus particles.
    Key findings
    Dissolved oxygen rose and then gradually declined. Separation efficiency for phosphorus particles was 12% with nanobubbles, 44% with microbubbles and 62% with both combined. The study was laboratory-scale, and significance was mostly not reported.
    Gas used
    Air
    View original (opens in a new window)
  • 6.2–10.6 mg/L

    Dissolved oxygen

    River sediment capping. Fell below 5.5 mg/L after day 60.

    Dissolved oxygen of 6.2–10.6 mg/L with an oxygen nanobubble-loaded material

    River sediment capping. Fell below 5.5 mg/L after day 60.

    Paper details and results

    Experimental Study of Al-Modified Zeolite with Oxygen Nanobubbles in Repairing Black Odorous Sediments in River Channels

    Experimental study of Al-modified zeolite with oxygen nanobubbles in repairing black odorous sediments in river channels

    Citation
    Guo et al. · 2022 · Water 14(14), 2194
    Summary
    Black, odorous river sediment was placed in 3 tanks and, over about 105 days, no treatment, aquatic plants, and aquatic plants with a capping of modified zeolite loaded with oxygen nanobubbles were compared.
    Key findings
    Dissolved oxygen was 2.9–4.3 mg/L with no treatment, 5.3–7.5 mg/L with plants and 6.2–10.6 mg/L with capping, but fell below 5.5 mg/L after day 60. Total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the overlying water differed little from plants alone, and the effect on COD was negligible. There was one tank per treatment, with no replication.
    Gas used
    Oxygen
    View original (opens in a new window)
  • 6.2 mg/L

    Bottom water dissolved oxygen

    Eutrophic lake field experiment, vs. about 1.5 mg/L without treatment

    Bottom water dissolved oxygen of 6.2 mg/L in a eutrophic lake field experiment

    Eutrophic lake field experiment, vs. about 1.5 mg/L without treatment

    Paper details and results

    Exploring a multifunctional geoengineering material for eutrophication remediation: Simultaneously control internal nutrient load and tackle hypoxia

    Multifunctional materials for eutrophication restoration: simultaneous control of internal nutrient loading and hypoxia

    Citation
    Zhang et al. · 2021 · Chemical Engineering Journal 406, 127206
    Summary
    Eight field enclosures were set up in a shallow eutrophic lake to compare, over 35 days, no treatment, natural zeolite, modified zeolite and modified zeolite loaded with oxygen nanobubbles.
    Key findings
    The sediment shifted from releasing phosphorus to absorbing it. The additional reduction attributable to the oxygen nanobubble loading was 57.3% for phosphorus and 56.1% for ammonia nitrogen. Bubbles were not injected directly into the water but carried on a solid material that settled to the bottom.
    Gas used
    Oxygen
    View original (opens in a new window)

Neutral studies 1

  • No improvement confirmed in the field

    Cyanobacteria removal (ozone nanobubbles)

    98–99% reduction in mesocosms, but no effect in the lake field trial.

    Ozone nanobubbles reduced cyanobacteria in mesocosms but not in the field

    98–99% reduction in mesocosms, but no effect in the lake field trial.

    Paper details and results

    Effectiveness of ozone nanobubble treatments on high biomass cyanobacterial blooms: A mesocosm experiment and field trial

    Effects of ozone nanobubble treatment on cyanobacterial blooms: mesocosm and field trials

    Citation
    Chaffin et al. · 2024 · Journal of Environmental Management 372, 123406
    Summary
    In an Ohio (USA) lake with a major cyanobacterial bloom, ozone nanobubble treatment was tested in 2,000 L mesocosms and in an actual bay (about 47 million L).
    Key findings
    In the mesocosms, at moderate or higher doses, chlorophyll and cyanobacterial pigments fell by 98–99% and toxin (microcystin) by 62–92%. The field trial, with two treatments over 4 weeks, showed no effect; the dose was low and the treated water reached only a limited area. Nanobubbles containing only oxygen had no effect on chlorophyll or toxin.
    Gas used
    Ozone (comparison: oxygen)
    View original (opens in a new window)

Frequently Asked Questions

How much did dissolved oxygen rise?

It rose to 8.30–14.32 mg/L in the 3 ponds.

Levels were 0.23–1.80 mg/L before supply, and peak values were recorded on days 6–9 of operation. These are the highest values recorded during operation, and dissolved oxygen rose and fell with incoming pollution and operating hours.

Is civil engineering work required?

At the demonstration sites, the units ran without civil works or chemical dosing.

A mobile unit placed at the pond edge drew in pond water, dissolved oxygen into it and returned it. Results depend on the size, water temperature, depth and pollution load of the water body, so the configuration is reviewed for each site.

What was measured?

Dissolved oxygen was measured twice a day.

Each pond was recorded for 9–15 days, and there are no figures for organic matter, nutrients or algae. The Korean pond (2019) is a record of changes observed 2 months after application, with no numerical data.

How were the studies selected?

We selected representative studies from peer-reviewed published papers.

We include 3 positive studies and 1 study with limited effect. These are not performance measurements of Honour Tech products, and one study found an effect in mesocosms but none in the lake field trial.

Tell us the surface area and depth, current water quality and power conditions, and we will propose a configuration suited to your site.

Contact Us